India undertook significant reforms in 2024 to modernize its cyber laws and strengthen digital security frameworks. These updates span criminal law, data protection, telecommunications, and sector-specific regulations. Here’s an overview of the key developments:​

1. Overhaul of Criminal Laws: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023

Effective from July 1, 2024, the BNS replaced the Indian Penal Code of 1860. It introduces new provisions targeting cybercrimes and digital frauds. For instance, Section 111 addresses organized crimes, including cyber offenses, by focusing on ongoing unlawful activities. Additionally, digital records like emails and server logs are now admissible as evidence in courts. ​Reuters+3Wikipedia+3Esya Centre+3AuthBridgeEsya CentreReuters

2. Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023

The DPDP Act, notified in August 2023, is set for full implementation in 2025. It governs the processing of personal data by both domestic and international entities handling Indian citizens’ data. The Act emphasizes data fiduciary responsibilities, user consent, and imposes penalties for non-compliance. ​iValue Infosolutions Global

3. Telecommunications (Telecom Cyber Security) Rules, 2024

Published on November 21, 2024, these rules mandate telecom entities to:​iValue Infosolutions Global

• Establish 24/7 Security Operations Centers (SOCs).​iValue Infosolutions Global

• Report cybersecurity incidents within six hours.​

• Submit detailed incident reports within 24 hours, outlining impact and remediation measures. ​iValue Infosolutions Global

4. Sector-Specific Cybersecurity Regulations

Various sectors have introduced tailored cybersecurity guidelines:​

• Banking and Finance: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has urged banks to enhance cybersecurity oversight, especially concerning third-party service providers, and to implement robust systems to prevent digital fraud. ​Reuters

• Critical Infrastructure: The National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC) continues to oversee the security of vital sectors like energy, banking, and transportation. ​Uja+1HDFC Ergo+1

5. Enhanced Cybercrime Coordination

The Ministry of Home Affairs launched the ‘Samanvaya’ platform, a Management Information System (MIS) for law enforcement agencies. It facilitates data sharing and analytics on cybercrime, helping map interstate linkages and criminal networks. ​Ministry of Home Affairs

6. Recognition in Global Cybersecurity Index

In 2024, India achieved Tier 1 status in the Global Cybersecurity Index by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), scoring 98.49 out of 100. This reflects the country’s commitment to strengthening its cybersecurity infrastructure. ​Press Information Bureau+1EY India+1

These reforms signify India’s proactive approach to addressing the challenges of the digital age, ensuring a robust legal framework to combat cyber threats and protect digital assets.​Press Information Bureau